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This is the beginning of a simple schematic depicting the longest mRNA-encoding exon/intron structure of the gene regionupsream of gene picturenon-coding regionexonnon-coding regionexonnon-coding regionexonnon-coding regionexonnon-coding regionexonnon-coding regiondownstream of gene picture
Click to Display mRNA-Genomic Alignments (spanning 16350 bps)
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   Homo sapiens Official Gene Symbol and Name (HGNC)
  LEP: leptin (obesity homolog, mouse)
 LocusID: 3952
Overview ?
RefSeq Summary: This gene is similar to the mouse obesity gene (ob). The protein encoded by this gene is secreted by white adipocytes. In the mouse study, mutations in this gene are linked to severe and morbid obesity.
Locus Type: gene with protein product, function known or inferred
Product: leptin precursor
Alternate Symbols: OB, OBS
Alias: obesity
leptin (murine obesity homolog)
obesity (murine homolog, leptin)
FunctionSubmit GeneRIF(All Pubs)?
 Phenotype:
  GeneRIF: Gene References into Function:  
  11702849
  • review
  11787735
  • data reveal the presence of leptin in term human milk
  12047393
  • rose in glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes (review)
  12084725
  • induction of leptin gene expression by hypoxia and HIF1
  12215445
  • promoter is transactivated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1
  12189588
  • a key role in metabolic syndrome, especially in the obesity
  12230820
  • serum leptin levels of the patients with premature ejaculation
  12054648
  • mediates a proliferative response in human MCF7 breast cancer cells
  12003376
  • Higher serum leptin level in women than in men with type 1 diabetes.
  11886494
  • Human follicular papilla cells carry out nonadipose tissue production
  12140788
  • modifications in circulating levels across the eating disorder spectrum
  3952
  • is there a correlation between serum leptin levels and binge eating in women?
  12880122
  • leptin is not only an adipostatic hormone but also a stress-related hormone.
  12073010
  • Genetic diversity and evolution of the human leptin locus tetranucleotide repeat
  12050272
  • Leptin gene polymorphism is associated with hypertension independent of obesity.
  12133430
  • The changes in plasma leptin, insulin and proinsulin levels in obese adolescents
  12324651
  • role of leptin in energy balance and reproduction; effects of exercise on leptin [review]
  12724016
  • serum leptin concentration reflects fat mass and postmenopausal bone mass in human subjects
  11920898
  • Fetal Down syndrome or Edwards syndrome does not seem to alter maternal leptin concentration
  12788897
  • Serum adiponectin and soluble leptin receptor were out-of-phase with leptin diurnal rhythms.
  12402972
  • Body fat distribution does not serve as a predictor of leptin levels in postmenopausal women.
  11979399
  • microsatellite polymorphism in exon 3 of POMC is associated with elevated serum leptin levels
  12665505
  • Leptin induces apoptosis via ERK/cPLA2/cytochrome c pathway in human bone marrow stromal cells
  12359239
  • enhances the effect of transforming growth factor beta in increasing type I collagen formation
  12200109
  • leptin has a role in advanced lung cancer, but is not causative in cancer cachexia or anorexia
  12396559
  • term pregnancy human umbilical cord and fetal membranes co-express leptin and its receptor genes
  11822578
  • leptin level was significantly lower in the CDGP (constitutional delay of growth and puberty)group
  12199340
  • Serum leptin and leptin binding activity in children and adolescents with hypothalamic dysfunction.
  12637980
  • Positive independent correlation of the CAG repeat number with body fat content, leptin and insulin.
  12519883
  • people with spinal cord injury have a significantly higher plasma leptin level than able-bodied people
  12105281
  • a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 22 may influence the level of leptin adjusted for testosterone
  12473840
  • Adiponectin and leptin levels in HIV-infected subjects with insulin resistance and body fat redistribution
  12086939
  • serum level affects regulation of circulating soluble leptin reeptor levels, depending on gender, adiposity
  12153747
  • AHSG, TNF-alpha and leptin may contribute to insulin resistance during normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes
  12865594
  • data demonstrate that placental insufficiency is associated with a dramatic increase in placental leptin production
  12634434
  • high leptin levels predict weight gain, suggesting that leptin resistance plays a role in the development of obesity
  12482897
  • Leptin, via PI 3-kinase-driven activation of BK channels, elicits novel mechanism for controlling neuronal excitability.
  12189581
  • polymorphism in the leptin promoter region (-2548 G/A) influences gene expression and adipose tissue secretion of leptin
  12829648
  • dose-dependent effects of insulin on plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic patients
  11934840
  • leptin upregulates ET-1 production in HUVECs via a mechanism potentially involving jun binding members of the bZIP family
  12805252
  • results indicate that postprandial leptin response is lower after a carbohydrate meal in obese women than in lean controls
  12010881
  • Novel human and mouse genes encoding an acid phosphatase family member and its downregulation in W/Wv mouse jejunum [ACPL1]
  12659876
  • evidence that insulin and hypoxia act as agonists on the human leptin transcription but on two different regulatory elements
  12512839
  • leptin levels of bone marrow-derived plasma in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia were found to be significantly lowered
  12687277
  • serum leptin and prolactin levels does not seem to be related with angiogenic activity and metastasis in breast cancer patients.
  12105280
  • during weight loss leptin levels decreased, whereas soluble leptin receptor levels and the receptor bound fraction of leptin increased
  12153737
  • inverse correlation found between adiponectin and leptin with serum leptin concentrations increased in women with high body mass index
  12556356
  • Plasma leptin decreased with fasting in both spinal cord injury and controls, with leptin decrease being delayed in spinal cord injury.
  14561193
  • effects of leptin in the immune system can be found in both the antigen-specific immunity and in the inflammatory effector system--REVIEW
  12062855
  • polymorphism found to be associated with exercise-mediated improvement in glucose tolerance and leptin resistance in healthy Japanese men
  12445819
  • Data show that stimulation of leptin internalisation by arachidonic acid in placental trophoblasts may be mediated via prostaglandin E(2).
  12393845
  • Leptin deficiency was associated with reduced numbers of circulating CD4(+) T cells and impaired T cell proliferation and cytokine release.
  12053815
  • The role of leptin in satiety and sex maturation, regulation of leptin secretion, and its possible therapeutic use in obesity are reviewed.
  12713059
  • Leptin plasma levels were significantly higher in HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy as compared to HIV-infected controls (5.2 vs 3.0 ng/ml
  12748507
  • Strong associations between cord leptin levels and other measures of fetal growth in both groups and with glycemic control in diabetic group.
  12707489
  • Sleep disturbances in anorectics may be mediated through changes in the levels of the GH-IGF-1 axis hormones, as well as the levels of leptin.
  12690084
  • study shows that serum leptin levels are directly related to 24-hour blood pressure levels in normotensive women with android fat distribution
  12658369
  • the influence of leptin on gonadotropin secretion is demonstrated in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa during starvation and re-feeding
  11997182
  • Data show that pro-inflammatory cytokines dose-dependently decrease the production and release of leptin from adipose tissue fragments in vitro.
  12582219
  • leptin secretory responses occur at physiological doses of hydrocortisone, are obliterated by fasting, and thus may be of metabolic significance
  12590942
  • Activation of JAK1, JAK2 and STAT3 is necessary for leptin-induced transactivation of NPY gene through the leptin-response element in neural cells.
  12660878
  • This study provides further evidence that IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin are associated with impaired fibrinolysis in overweight hypertensive humans.
  12857430
  • significant correlation was observed between serum leptin levels and both body mass index and insulin resistance status in polycystic ovary syndrome
  11994543
  • the differential distribution of mRNA for leptin and its receptor suggests an important autocrine and paracrine role for leptin in human endometriosis.
  12468269
  • leptin release is exclusively a function of adipocytes while prostanoids are made by both adipocytes and the other cells present in human adipose tissue
  12213831
  • Data show that leptin gene expression in human preadipocytes is switched on by maturation-induced demethylation of distinct CpGs in its proximal promoter.
  12037648
  • leptin 3'-tetranucleotide repeat is associated with high body mass index(BMI) in adult Samoans with allele 226 having a low frequency in the high BMI group
  12552573
  • potential association between endogenous circulating leptin and sympatho-vagal activities in age- and height-matched obese and nonobese healthy young women
  14506615
  • serum C-reactive protein was positively related to serum leptin and QTc interval and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol in young apparently health men
  12100031
  • These results support the hypothesis of leptin as a stimulatory cytokine and point to a possible role for leptin in the pathophysiology of human HIV infection.
  12899679
  • Sleep influences nocturnal leptin profile. May have implications for role of sleep in metabolic regulation and aetiologies of obesity and the night eating syndrome.
  12734788
  • The main determinants for leptin levels in type 2 diabetic subjects as in healthy subjects are associated with measures of insulin resistance and insulin secretion.
  12721156
  • data demonstrate differential regulation of leptin secretion and pulsatility in adipocytes and synchronicity between leptin and growth hormone, cortisol, and insulin
  12376297
  • Serum leptin levels are significantly higher in menopausal women than in women with regular menstrual cycle, and can be down-regulated by hormone replacement therapy.
  11997181
  • Results indicate that leptin, after binding its receptor, leads to activation of Grb2 and several pathways for signal transduction that might lead to mitogenic effects.
  12734209
  • activating transcription factor 1(AP-1) motif is important in determining the up-regulatory effects induced by leptin on aromatase expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
  12955866
  • Over the 8-month intervention period, regardless of group membership, youths who had the lowest increase in cardiovascular fitness tended to have the highest increase in leptin.
  12779248
  • Results suggest that leptin might elicit angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor induction as well as pigment epithelium-derived factor suppression in pericytes.
  12484512
  • Statistically significant positive correlation was between changes in blood pressure and changes in leptin levels. Leptin may play role in pathophysiology of obese hypertension.
  12218380
  • analysis of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 genotype showed that leptin levels were determined by the Pro12Ala mutation in type-2 diabetic women but not in men
  12218376
  • nocturnal leptin secretion in children with myelomeningocele was significantly different from secretion in children with growth hormone deficiency and normal variant short stature
  12702488
  • Placental leptin expression was examined in representative species of the two most abundant mammalian orders, Rodentia and Chiroptera, and in cultured human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells
  12354677
  • PTP1B reduces the level of gene expression of SOCS3 and other leptin-regulated genes, and conversely, the expression of genes down-regulated by leptin was enhanced by PTP1B over-expression
  12690081
  • synthesis of adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha and leptin could induce the production acute-phase reactants, thus contributing to the maintenance of chronic low-grade inflammation
  12634431
  • data suggest that both adiponectin and leptin are associated with central body fat distribution, and serum adiponectin concentrations are determined predominantly by the visceral fat compartment
  12690082
  • plasma leptin levels, rather than nonesterified fatty acids and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, may play a significant role in the development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in children
  12211425
  • the sex-dependent specificity of the relationship between leptin and bone mineral density (BMD) in human studies could be caused by serum leptin levels that are two- to threefold higher in women than in men
  12031914
  • Leptin increased acute myelogenous leukemia blast release of IL-1beta, IL6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and increased spontaneous AML blast proliferation
  12529499
  • graded positive relationship between plasma leptin levels and blood pressure was observed in sample of untreated male adults; association was independent of age, BMI, abdominal adiposity, and fasting plasma insulin
  9205417
  • Leptin is generally thought to play a key role in the regulation of eating. the role of leptin in the regulation of eating in obese binge- and non-binge-eating women during exposure to food and food-related stimuli.
  12679437
  • data suggest that plasma leptin is reduced in untreated type 2 diabetes probably as a consequence of reduced insulin secretion and that circulating leptin concentrations are differentially affected by monodrug therapy
  11935372
  • Results support the involvement of NGF, BDNF, leptin, and mast cells in human coronary atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, implying neuroimmune and adipoimmune pathways in the pathobiology of these cardiovascular disorders.
  12679442
  • conclude that weight loss early in the course of dietary fat restriction occurs independently of increased plasma leptin levels, but that a later increase in amplitude of the 24-h leptin signal may contribute to ongoing weight loss
  12364439
  • high levels of soluble leptin receptor in emaciation may reflect an up-regulation to suppress leptin action during energy deficiency and with free leptin index is a tool to investigate the leptin axis during growth and sexual maturation
  11800057
  • evaluation of the relative contributions of existing obesity and a family history of obesity (FHOB) to blood pressure (BP) level, sympathetic activity, plasma leptin and insulin levels in young men without a family history of hypertension.
  12626032
  • increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin levels may contribute to insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus and in the third trimester of normal pregnancy and may negatively influence the anthropometric parameters of the newborns
  12647279
  • in morbid obesity, there appears to be an association between serum concentrations of leptin and a more favorable lipid profile, whereas there is no direct interrelation between serum concentrations of cholesterol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
  12727933
  • role in regulating neuroendocrine and metabolic function during an acute fast; role of leptin in normalizing several starvation-induced neuroendocrine changes may have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of eating disorders and obesity
  12149424
  • anti-CD3-driven proliferation of memory T cells was inhibited by leptin, whereas that of naive T cells was markedly enhanced; despite the inhibition of proliferation of the memory T cells, their production of interferon-gamma was substantially increased
  12843185
  • leptin in the circulation may increase more rapidly during development than indicated by total leptin levels, and that these changes may serve as one of the signals to the central nervous system that metabolic conditions are adequate to support puberty.
  11890967
  • in obese women serum leptin level and the occurrence of binge eating are unrelated; relationship between serum leptin level and restraint of food intake observed in eating disordered patients and in overweight preadolescent girls is shared by obese women

      Gene OntologyTM:  
     Term Evidence Source Pub
     
  • hormone activity
  • NR GOA  
     
  • energy reserve metabolism
  • TAS GOA pm
     
  • signal transduction
  • IEA GOA  
     
  • cell-cell signaling
  • NR GOA  
     
  • extracellular space
  • TAS GOA pm

    Relationships ?
      Mouse Homology Maps:     
        NCBI vs. MGD 6 10.50 cM LepHs Mm

    Map Information ?
      Chromosome:7   mv
      Cytogenetic:7q31.3  RefSeq 
      Markers: Chr. 7OBS OBS mv
       Chr. 7STS-U43653   mv
       Chr. 7RH70631   mv

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)?
    Category: REVIEWED
     mRNA: NM_000230    
     Protein: NP_000221  leptin precursor BL
     Domains: Leptin score: 672  
     GenBank Source: U43653    

    Category: NCBI Genome Annotation
    1.Genomic Contig: NT_007933   gb sv mv ev mm
     Haplotype reference    
      Annotation for this locus:
     Evidence: supported by alignment with mRNA   
     mRNA: NM_000230    
     Protein: NP_000221   BL

    Category: NCBI Genome Annotation
    2.Genomic Contig: NT_079596   gb sv mv ev mm
     Haplotype Toronto    
      Annotation for this locus:
     Evidence: supported by alignment with mRNA   
     mRNA: NM_000230    
     Protein: NP_000221   BL

    Related Sequences ?
    Nucleotide Type Protein   
    D63519 g BAA09787   BL
    D63710 g BAA09839   BL
    U43415 g AAC31660   BL
    AF008123 m AAB63507   BL
    BC060830 m AAH60830   BL
    D49487 m BAA08448   BL
    U18915 m AAA60470   BL
    U43653 m AAC50400   BL
    None p P41159   BL

    Additional Links ?
     
     
     

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